Determining the total electrical demand of a building or system involves calculating the anticipated current draw of all connected and planned electrical devices. This process, often referred to as load calculation, estimates the amperage required to safely and efficiently power the electrical system. For example, a residential structure might necessitate the summation of individual circuit loads for lighting, appliances, and HVAC systems to determine the appropriate size of the service panel and associated wiring.
Accurate assessment of electrical requirements is vital for safety, code compliance, and optimal system performance. Underestimating the load can lead to overloaded circuits, potential fire hazards, and system failures. Correct sizing of components, such as circuit breakers and conductors, enhances reliability and prevents costly repairs or replacements. Historically, over-sizing was common, but modern practices emphasize precision to balance safety with energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness.