Determining the concentration of dissolved minerals, primarily calcium and magnesium, in a water sample defines its level of hardness. This determination typically involves quantitative analytical techniques, such as titration with EDTA or calculation based on measurements obtained through atomic absorption spectrophotometry. For instance, a water sample showing a high concentration of calcium and magnesium ions, exceeding established threshold values, would be classified as hard water.
Understanding the mineral content of water is crucial across various applications. In domestic settings, it affects the efficiency of soaps and detergents, potentially leading to scale buildup in pipes and appliances. Industrially, it can impact the performance of boilers and cooling systems, increasing energy consumption and maintenance costs. Historically, assessing water quality has been a vital practice for safeguarding public health and ensuring the suitability of water sources for diverse purposes, from agriculture to manufacturing.
