The determination of compression applied to a sealing component, specifically a toroidal elastomer, is a critical factor in ensuring effective and reliable sealing performance. This calculation involves determining the amount the seal is deformed from its original cross-sectional height when installed within a gland. Adequate deformation creates the necessary contact stress to prevent leakage. For example, if a circular cross-section seal with an initial height of 0.100 inches is compressed to a height of 0.080 inches in its groove, the compression, often expressed as a percentage, is 20%.
Proper determination of compression is paramount because it directly influences the seal’s ability to maintain a leak-proof barrier. Insufficient compression may lead to leakage, while excessive compression can cause premature seal failure due to overstressing the material, leading to permanent deformation or accelerated degradation. Historically, empirical testing and rules of thumb were used to estimate appropriate compression; however, modern engineering practices necessitate precise calculations to optimize seal design and performance for specific applications and operating conditions.
